Which of the following best describes the major forces that act upon a building?

The major forces that act upon a building encompass a wide range of influences that are crucial for understanding structural design and safety. These forces include gravity, which exerts a downward pull on all structures, as well as lateral forces from wind and seismic activity due to earthquakes.

Gravity is the most constant force acting upon a building, affecting its weight and the pressures endured at the foundation. Wind loads impose lateral forces that can lead to swaying or structural failure if not adequately considered. Earthquakes introduce dynamic forces that can cause unexpected shifts and vibrations, requiring specific engineering solutions to enhance a structure's resilience during seismic events.

Considering this, the assertion that all these forces play significant roles in a building's stability and integrity affirms a comprehensive understanding of architectural design. It's essential for architects and engineers to account for all potential forces—gravity, wind, and seismic activity—when designing buildings to ensure safety and functionality. This holistic perspective justifies why the answer, which includes all these forces, is the most accurate.