What do the terms "mass and void" refer to in architecture?

The terms "mass and void" in architecture are fundamental concepts that describe the relationship between solid forms and empty spaces. This relationship is essential in defining the aesthetic and functional qualities of a built environment.

Mass refers to solid forms that occupy space, such as the walls, columns, and floors of a building. These components have presence and weight, contributing to the overall shape and volume of the structure. In contrast, void refers to the empty spaces that create openings, skylights, courtyards, and other areas where light can penetrate and people can move freely. These voids contrast with the mass and are crucial in shaping how a building interacts with its environment, influencing not only the structure's appearance but also its functionality and the user experience.

Understanding how mass and void work together allows architects to manipulate space effectively, creating harmony and balance within their designs. The interplay between these solid and empty elements helps define circulation paths, creates visual interest, and determines the quality of light in an interior space, ultimately affecting how the space feels to its occupants.