Geothermal energy functions by utilizing what source?

Geothermal energy harnesses heat from the Earth's interior to provide a natural method for heating and cooling systems. This thermal energy is derived from the Earth's core, which remains extremely hot due to the decay of radioactive isotopes and residual heat from the planet's formation. By accessing this heat, geothermal systems can efficiently regulate temperatures in buildings and hot water supplies.

This process can involve drilling deep into the ground to tap into geothermal reservoirs or utilizing ground-source heat pumps that exploit the relatively stable temperatures just below the Earth's surface. This approach is highly sustainable and can significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels, making it an environmentally friendly energy alternative.

The other options presented are distinct energy sources and systems: wind patterns pertain to wind energy generation, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity or heat, and hydropower relies on flowing water to generate energy. These alternatives do not utilize the Earth's internal heat in the same way that geothermal energy does.